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Ramiz Alia
(18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was the second and last Communist leader of Albania from 1985 to 1991, and the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after Hoxha died. Alia died on 7 October 2011 in Tirana due to lung disease, aged 85.〔(Albania's last Communist leader Ramiz Alia dies ), CNBC, 7 October 2011.〕 He was the first President of Albania from 1991 to 1992.
==Early life and politics==
Alia was born on 18 October 1925. His parents were from the Gheg clan and they fled Kosovo during the Balkan Wars.〔 He grew up and spent his childhood in Tirana. In the early part of World War II Alia was a member of a Fascist youth organization but joined the underground Albanian Communist Youth Organization in 1941.〔(Ramiz Alia Biography )〕〔J.F. Brown: (Background Notes to Albania's Party Congress – Special Report ), Open Society Archives, 2 February 1961.〕 In 1943, he became a member of the Albanian Communist Party.〔 He had risen rapidly under Hoxha's patronage and by 1961 was a full member of the ruling Political Bureau (Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania).〔(Eastern Christianity and the Cold War, 1945-91, p.154 )〕
Hoxha chose Alia for several reasons. First, Alia had long been a militant follower of Marxism-Leninism and supported Hoxha's policy of national self-reliance. Alia also was favored by Hoxha's wife Nexhmije, who had once been his instructor at the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. His political experience was similar to that of Hoxha; and inasmuch as he appeared to share Hoxha's views on most foreign and domestic issues, he accommodated himself to the totalitarian mode of ruling.
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